Aircraft maintenance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Aircraft maintenance - Essay Example Aircraft Maintenance Technicians (AMT's) perform or supervise maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration of aircraft and aircraft systems in accordance with the provisions of Federal Aviation Regulations. As the aviation technology made it progress, it was necessary to bring in the maintenance of all the aircraft for it's prolong and safety use. From the time it started, aircraft maintenance has gone through series of changes. From basic to improvised and now the high-tech maintenance. As gradually the aircraft problem raised, maintenance also matured. The following context will discuss very briefly the journey of maintenance to the latest maintenance technology. Further paragraph will discuss how it has cooped with the latest technology and then the future of the aircraft maintenance. How to effectively improve the quality of the aircraft outfield maintenance management is a problem any management personnel seeking high profits in both developed and developing countries must be faced with, no matter what aircraft they maintain, military aircraft or civilian aircraft. Some of the several technologies used for aircraft maintenance are: The use of neural networks (NNs) to enhance onboard diagnostics and provide real-time damage detection for aircraft reconfiguration has been investigated. This research focus was a result of investigating new technologies to improve mission success and reduce life cycle/support cost resulting from a high percentage of cannot duplicate' and retest O.K.' maintenance actions occurring on some aircraft systems. Laboratory testing results have shown that future onboard diagnostics systems can use NNs to detect intermittent failure and false failure indications. The test instance featured an Ada-based NN running in an advanced vehicle management system computer (VMSC). Built In Test Equipment: The BITE is characterized primarily as a passive fault management and diagnosis built into airborne systems to support the maintenance process. Another technology use for aircraft maintenance, it functionality are Analysis of failure monitoring results, Reporting & Memorisation of failures, Management of tests. Central Maintenance Computer: The Central Maintenance Computer (CMC) for the 747-400 cockpit serves as a central collection hub for inter-system fault data sharing among aircraft monitoring systems, collecting and storing information on failed components and initiating component and system tests. Reliability Centered Management: RCM process described in the DOD/UAL report recognized three principal risks from equipment failures: threats to safety, to operations, and to the maintenance budget. Modern RCM gives threats to the environment a separate classification, though most forms manage them in the same way as threats to safety. RCM offers four principal options among the risk management strategies: on-condition maintenance tasks, scheduled restoration or discard maintenance tasks, failure-finding maintenance tasks, and one-time changes to the "system" (changes to hardware design, to operations, or to other things). After being created by the commercial aviation industry, RCM was adopted by the U.S. military (beginning in

Quality assurance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Quality assurance - Assignment Example Without the customers, it is believed that quality would not be a concern in this case. Pleasing the customer in this principle is key for the sustenance of the organization. Therefore, a customer’s taste and preference has constantly to be known so as to know the quality required. Organizations constantly thrive to become better than they were before due to the ever competing and changing world. Human beings are always dynamic in nature and tend to change with what is on the trend. Companies too have to do so by improving towards the better. This can be achieved in total quality management by ensuring that they have implemented changes in their production process that would lead to efficacy and deliverance of quality products and services. Through comparison with the past, good companies always works towards improving on their performance (Asher 2002, p.78).Successful companies ensure that they deliver quality products and services through emphasizing on improvement of factors of production. Labour for instance can be shaped to become better through proper training and recruitment of qualified staff members suited for the job. Organizations tend to have certain type of suppliers that deliver high quality goods. In case of possessing many suppliers, there those who will deliver low quality goods at a high price, whereas there are those who will stick to their principles and supply the best they can offer at an affordable price. It is always important for organizations to maintain such suppliers close to them than those who deliver poor quality products. The two most important structures in management that can contribute greatly to effective quality assurance and high customer satisfaction is by having a team of qualified workers plus a quality assurance department that is working. First of all, in order for an organization to have skilled workers that will work efficiently and deliver quality products and

Red, White, and Black Essay Example for Free

Red, White, and Black Essay By combining they were a stronger force against the colonists. Native American Relations in the first settlements: Relations characterized by resistance to the expansion of English settlement, submission into praying towns, and devastation through war and disease. Many of the Massachusetts Indians sought protection from Winthrop by selling their land and surrendering their independence. Pequot War: So-called war consisting of clumsy plundering by Massachusetts troops and raids by Pequots in 1637. The colonists eventually won the alliance of rival tribes and waged a ruthless campaign. The war tipped the balance of military power to the English, opening the way to New England’s settlement. King Phillips War: War between the Native American tribes of New England and British colonists that took place from 1675-1676. The war was the result of tension caused by encroaching white settlers. The chief of the Wampanoags, King Philip lead the natives. The war ended Indian resistance in New England and left a hatred of whites. Tuscaroras and Yamasees: Two opposing Indians tribes whose disunity lead both to destruction. The Tuscaroran people were defeated by the colonists with the help of the Yamasees in 1713, and the Yamasees were themselves defeated around 1715. Both tribes were scattered and soon disappeared. praying towns: Towns set up by puritan missionaries for Indian converts to spread puritan Christianity, the first of which, Natick, was founded in 1651. As the Indian population in the east waned, assimilation as Praying Indians became the only option besides retreating farther west. Beaver Wars: Wars that resulted from furious trading and hunting of Beaver pelts by the Dutch, the French, and the New Netherlands. The Overhunting of Beavers sent prices so high in 1742 that the Dutch armed the Iroquois and what resulted was bloody battles against Pro-French tribes. Slavery Begins: Followed the exploration of the African coast and the establishment of a slave trade Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries. The slave trade then moved in to America as the development of a plantation system in Virginia offered a market for slavery and the first slaves arrived there in 1619. Slavery remained small among the colonies, however because it was not yet profitable for slavery under the conditions. As trade and agriculture grew and a plantation system grew so did slavery. Barbados Code: Code adopted by Carolina in 1696 to control slaves at the will of their masters. It was often noted as an inhumane code but the society revolved around slaves, so laws like this were created in order to keep control in the society. White owners relied on force and fear to control the growing black majority in the Carolinas. Maryland Slave Code, 1661: The first actual definition by the colonies of slavery as a lifelong, inheritable, racial status. It was issued by Maryland in 1661 in order to set up a distinct place for the slaves in the society. Out of the Maryland Slave Code of 1661 came the establishing of other slave codes that set up strict legal codes. Stono Rebellion: Slave uprising in South Carolina in 1739, in which twenty slaves robbed guns and ammunition from the Stono River Bridge along with killing civilians. Officials suppressed the rebellion and stopped any more chaos and damage. I t was a significant encounter because it caused white

International marketing importance and role

International marketing importance and role International marketing is simply the application of marketing principles to more than one country. A great number of economists assures that international marketing is an on-going historical process, this process leads to the increasing integration of the production of goods, services, ideas, culture, communication and environmental pollution on a world-wide scale, imparting locality of populations and labor. Importance of International Marketing A firms international marketing program must generally be modified and adapted to foreign markets.   This international marketing program uses strategies to accomplish its marketing goals.  Within each foreign nation, the firm is likely to find a combination of marketing environment and target markets that are different from those of its own home country and other foreign countries.   It is important that in international marketing, product, pricing, distribution and promotional strategies be adapted accordingly.  In order for an international firm to function properly, cultural, social, economic, and legal forces within the country must be clearly understood.   The task of International marketing is more difficult and risky than expected by many firms.   One of the most controlling factors of international marketing is management.   It is very important for managers to recognize the differences as well as similarities in buyer behavior.  Many mistakes can occur if managers fail to realize that buyers differ from country to country.   It is the international differences in buyer behavior, rather than similarities, which cause problems in successful international marketing. Who is responsible? An international marketing manager is a manager responsible for facilitating the exchange of products between the organization and its customers or clients. Sometimes an international marketing manager will find difficulties in completing the exchange of products.  Many surprises in international business are undesirable human mistakes.   An international corporation must fully understand the foreign environment before pursuing business matters.  To be effective in a foreign market it is necessary to understand the local customs.   Knowing what to do in a foreign country is as important as knowing what not to do.   Failure to understand local customs can lead to serious misunderstandings between business people. Important Factors It is very important to be able to interpret the different means of communication in international marketing. It is almost impossible to attain complete knowledge and understanding of a foreign culture.   As established, culture plays an important role in the drama of international marketing.   Of all the cultural aspects, communication may be the most critical.  It is certain that communication has been involved in a number of cultural confusion.  Good communication linkages must be set between a company and its customers, suppliers, its employees, and the governments of the countries where it performs business activities. Issues with International Marketing Communications Poor communication can obviously cause various difficulties.  One source of difficulty among starting companies is that of effective communication with potential buyers.  The problem is that there are many possible communication barriers.  Sometimes messages can be translated incorrectly, regulations overlooked, and economic differences can be ignored.  Other times when the message does arrive, its ineffectiveness can cause it to be of no value. Every now and then a buyer will receive the message, but to the companies disappointment, the message was sent incorrect.  It is normal in multinational businesses to send and receive messages on a regular basis.   Many well-known people have incapacitated public speech introductions by using inaccurate titles and names.  Not all communication problems are verbal.  Some serious problems have occurred as a result of non-verbal communication.  Non-verbal communication exists in numerous forms.   Sometimes a persons appearanc e can convey a stronger message than intended. The perception of the product characteristics plays an important role in the international marketing strategy.  One must realize that the importances of a certain product traits vary from country to country.  Multinational corporations, therefore, must consider varying promotional tactics.   Adapting the product but using the same promotional mix is a strategy used when a product will not appeal to different local tastes. This international marketing channel is sequence of marketing organizations from nation to nation that directs the flow of products.   Most industrial products use shorter channels. One of the most basic levels of international marketing is licensing.   A license is a contractual agreement in which one firm permits another to produce and market its product and use its brand name in return for a royalty or other compensation.  This grant may be in the form of a direct sale of rights or be limited to a certain period of time. International licensing can be tied to joint ventures between the parent and the subsidiary. International marketers tend to concentrate on higher income countries as either personal, disposable, or discretionary.   For obvious reasons, marketers tend to concentrate on higher income countries.   Some producers have found that their products are more likely to sell in countries with low income.   As in domestic marketing, the determining factor is how well the product satisfies its target market.   International marketing encompasses all business activities that involve exchanges across national boundaries.   A firm may enter the international market for many reasons.   Whatever the reason international marketing can provide and efficient way of entering the market.   A firms marketing program must be adapted to foreign markets to account for differences in the business environment and target markets form nation to nation.   The marketing mix may require the modification of cultural, social, economic, and legal differences. Foreign marketing requires the under standing of various additional costs, which tend to increase the prices of exported goods.   The marketing program of an international company must adapt to the necessities of a foreign market. The strategies it uses to accomplish a firms marketing goal should be the main priority of the marketing program. Communication involves the skilful use of all the capacities of language organized into a system of tools, techniques and transmission devices. For example, if the idea of advertising is to create in the customers mind utility and value, this means that the marketer has to position the product in a way that makes it desirable to the customer, enabling transference of a basic need into a want. International integrated communication involves the formulation of vision that results in a strategy and implementation of an integrated communications plan in more than one country in various parts of the world, as opposed to the entire world, which would then make it global. Problems with International Marketing Communications Both the international marketing and marketing communications literature deal with this by adding some international elements to the basic process. The task that the sender has is to use socio-cultural cues and symbols familiar to the receiver and to select media that are socio-culturally and legally appropriate (if available). The increased difficulties are underscored by the idea of both the senders and the receivers realm of understanding and field of experience. Clearly factors affecting communication in the international context are such things as language for example brand names perception for example colour, values and beliefs for example veneration of the elderly or local advertising regulations for example comparative advertising. The complexity of the situation is clear to see. The difficulties of getting the message across the sender-receiver can be difficult These difficulties are exacerbated in the international setting. Marketing communications in  international markets  needs to be conducted with care, some of the factors that need to be considered in relation to  international marketing communications  (Promotion) are: The work ethic of employees and customers to be targeted by media. Levels of literacy and the availability of education for the national population. The similarity or diversity of beliefs, religion, morality and values in the target nation. The family and the roles of those within it are factors to take into account. International marketing is much more than just translating your advertising campaign.   Successful global brands communicate by understanding and adapting to local markets. One of the issues discussed in International marketing communication helps in uncovering how to reformulate products for local palates for instance HJ Heinzs wanted to market its oat based baby food in china. Research showed that the Chinese were not familiar with oats and hence it introduced methods of international marketing communications. Globalization in the sense of firms from all over the world interacting and dealing with each other is expected to be the normal state of affairs for the majority of businesses. In the industrial or business-to business sector, this pattern may be even more pronounced because advanced communications and transportation technologies have the potential for enabling the laws of comparative advantage to be realized to a very high degree. Thus, businesses that were used to dealing with other businesses from all over the country will now seek relationships from all over the world. Internet-based B2B E-commerce, has, of course, been at the vanguard of the expected revolution in the way global business will be conducted in the future and has led to uncounted predictions of a worldwide e-business revolution where virtually all industrial firms will be linked together in a gigantic electronic global network . Yet, this scenario seems a bit too simplistic. All of the hype about global B2B E-comm erce, networks, hubs, electronic auctions, etc., implies that the only thing standing in the way of electronically linked businesses on a global scale is the right technological hardware and software that, once put in place, will have global businesses operating with the precision and reliability of a Swiss watch. After all, this technocentric view suggests that the only difference between operating around the block or around the world is geographical distance. Therefore, it is just a matter of having the right satellites, telecommunications networks, and supply chains in place to solve this problem of distance. In an era of relatively instantaneous contact between organizations across the seemingly shrinking globe, why should one consider cultural distance at all? Simply because culture affects virtually all of human behavior. For example, culture has been defined as the software of the mind.Hofstedes extensive research on culture has helped conceptualize one of the most popular theories of cultural types, as evidenced by well over 1000 citations from Cultural Consequences reported in the Social Science Citation since 1980. His approach to culture initially identified four underlying value dimensions: (1) individualism vs. collectivism, (2) large vs. small power distance, (3) strong vs. weak uncertainty avoidance, and (4) masculinity vs. femininity (a fifth dimension, long- vs. short-term orientation was added later). The role of marketing communications in international marketing strategy has never been greater than in the emerging global competitive environment. A connecting fact in the literature is the understanding that the various elements of the communications and it shouldnt be isolated if they are to be utilized optimally and successfully these must be taken as part of a total concept for optimal results. Cultural issues may be even more prominent than they are for tangible goods. There are large variations in willingness to pay for quality, and often very large differences in expectations. In some countries, it may be more difficult to entice employees to embrace a firms customer service philosophy. Labor regulations in some countries make it difficult to terminate employees whose treatment of customers is substandard.  Speed of service is typically important in the U.S. and western countries but personal interaction may seem more important in other countries. A very complex and controversial issue is that of ethics. The varying norms and social values, many a time make the international business environment very intricate and perplexing. The term business ethics refers to the system of moral principles and rules of conduct applied to business. That there should be business ethics means the business should be conducted according to certain self recognized moral standards. There is, however, no unanimity of opinion regarding what constitutes business ethics. An international marketer often finds that the norms of ethics vary from country to country. What is ethically wrong or condemned in one nation may not be in another. Another issue is whether it is ethical to sell products are banned in some countries because of their harmful effects in other countries (often in developing countries). One issue is that if the government of a country permits the marketing of such a product, should a company give up the sales of the product on its own. If the harmful effects of a product outweigh the benefits, a company with sound ethics will not do business in that product even if there is no legal objection. With the increasing globalization of the business world, international segmentation becomes an ever more important concept in marketing. The globalization forces now at work push many companies to extend or reorganize their marketing strategies across borders and target international segments of consumers. Conclusion Business in the age of globalization has both facilitated and necessitated a move towards the internationalization of organizations of all sizes (Wood Robertson, 2000). However, while globalization is indisputably occurring in a variety of shapes throughout the world, there is as yet a considerable gap in the literature regarding the internationalization of businesses. Consequently, organizations engaging in international business frequently find themselves utterly unprepared for the environments they are entering and unaware of the potential risks involved in the internationalization move. This lack of preparation is already evident in the criteria applied to discriminate international markets against one another in order to select suitable countries for market entry. Often, countries for international business activity are chosen according to soft factors, i.e. factors such as proximity or personal preference, rather than hard factors such as market size, growth rate or accessibility

Delegation of Tasks as a Manager Essay examples -- How To Delegate Eff

Objective: Identifying what job you want done The main purpose of delegation is to get the job done by someone else so that you, the manager, have more time for other, more difficult, tasks. To effectively delegate, you must give the entire authority of the task to the staff member you have selected to get the job done. This means not only reading instructions and filling out paperwork, but also the â€Å"decision making and changes which rely upon new information†. The staff member should be able to make decisions, whether good or bad, without referring back to the manager. By leaving the decisions to the delegated staff member, they use their own knowledge and initiative. The three key points to consider when delegating a task are: 1) They know what you want done- Explain the task clearly and make sure that you are understood. 2) They have the authority to achieve it- the selected staff member has the necessary abilities to do the job properly. 3) They know how to do it- the selected staff member has the necessary knowledge, or can obtain the knowledge, to do the job. Support the staff member without being overbearing. Allow the designated staff member to make their own decisions, but to feel reassured that you are there if you are needed, and remember to keep an open mind. Chances are, the staff member is not going to complete the assignment exactly the same way you would complete it. Their way may even end up being a more efficient way of getting the job done! Above all, make sure that you acknowledge and praise their efforts. Information: Implementing a Communication System To be successful, staff needs frequent communication with each othe... ... task that needs to be performed, and the expectations of the completed project. They must be able to communicate with the staff member, and leave the lines of communication open. A workable way to do this is to plan formalized meeting and scheduling times. They must know how to judge outcomes and use small mistakes or failures as learning tools upon which to grow. Finally, the manager must be willing and able to recognize achievements and congratulate on a job well done. Works Cited Blair, G. The Art of Management: The Essential Skills. Published by Chartwell Bratt. 2010 Culp, W. Journal of Management in Engineering: "Steps of Effective Delegation†. January 2014, Page 30 Jenks, J. and Kelly, J. Don’t Do, Delegate. Published by Bridles Ltd. 1986 Wright, R. (1996) Beyond Time Management: Business with a Purpose. Butterworth-Heineman

Nicholas Malebranche :: essays research papers

Nicholas Malebranche   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nicholas Malebranche was a theologian and philosopher from the 17th century. He was very influential in two aspects of the history of philosophy. The first was that we see all things though God. Second was his works with occasionalism. He was concerned with how our minds get perceptual images of external objects. His final answer was that God contains all external objects there for God implants these ideas in our mind and the right time. So, we see external objects and there images as God sees them. Malebranche gave his ideas to help people to realize that God was a part of their lives at all times. Nicolas Malebranche was born August 5th, 1638 in Paris. He was born deformed and sickly and preferred solitude in his childhood. Malebranche’s father was a government official his father’s official title was royal counselor, from the rural bourgeoisie. For work he was a treasurer of five large farms. Malebranche’s mother belonged to the minor nobility. And had a brother-in-law that was the governor of Canada. It was believed that Malebranche lived off of his family’s wealth. The religion Malebranche was raised in was catholic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Malebranche was born crippled and had a deformed spine he remained this was all of his life. There for he could not go to school like all the other children. He was educated at home from his mother who was a very educated woman. This is thought of how he got his great literary style. After getting the start of his education from his mother he went on to attend the College de la Marche from 1654 to 1656 were he studied philosophy and theology. Malebranche graduated Master of the Arts, and went on to Sorbonne in Paris until 1659. He intended to make theology his life intention but stopped going to the Sorbonne because he did not believe he was learning anything new.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Malebranche had the chance to be canonry at Notre Dame but refused to accept. Then he joined the Congregation of the Oratory in 1660. The chief aim of this program was to train candidates for the priesthood. During the time Malebranche studied at the Oratory its teachings where strongly based from the philosophies of Descartes. Malebranche was ordained a priest in 1664 having studied ecclesiastical history in Hebrew and Biblical criticism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Malebranche had to major influences in his studies of mathematics and philosophy.

Beh Final Project

Interview profile Interview profile Description of Interviewee Name: Irina Dinova Age: 26 Race: Asian Marital Status: Married with two children Irina is a 26 years Old Russian female; she is my sister- in-law, who I knew nine years ago after she married my brother. She has two children, and she works in retail as an overnight stocker. I had interviewed Irina on 11/30/2012 at 3:00 PM, by asking her multiple questions. The interview was as follows: 1. Do you remember information accurately by observing how a behavior is performed or read about how the behavior is performed?Irina rather to learn from observing the behavior, she said that her behavior turned from good to bad, when she started socializing with a group of Indian girls at college. She observed them smoking, drinking, and even cheating on their men. As a result, Irina started smoking, drinking, and having multiple boyfriends. Now, Irina is addicted to smoking, and drinking caused by vicarious reinforcement and those were her Indian friends at college, who she does not socialize with now. Irina likewise shared another story which she learned from punishment.After she had gotten married at a young age (18 years old), she had conflict with the husband that resulted on their separation. She rented her own house along with her child, and had a strong friendship with an African American guy. Time pass and her relationship with her husband started establishing, but one day she was observed by her husband in the house with her friend. The husband automatically misunderstood and misjudged Irina, as he even wanted to suicide afterwards. After the incident, the husband had been admitted into the mental hospital for attempting to suicide.After a month, she got back with the husband, and as a result of her husband negative behavior and attitude toward the friendship with a man, she learned to avoid the possibility of a punishing consequence (avoidance training), by not making a friendship with a man. In the other h and, Irina did not like the way she learned through the above experience as it will be an unforgotten implicit memory because it had caused anxiety, embarrassment, and stress, instead she prefers to learn through operant conditioning (Irina Dinova, personal communication, November 30, 2012). 2.Do you prefer studying at the library, or at home with noisy background and distraction? Irina said that she prefers learning in the library instead home with a noisy backgrounds and distraction. She mentioned that her attention is fully active while studying in a the library, which is a quiet place, but where there is a distraction, her attention drops to a lower level, as she does not remembers the material studied. Irina remembers information more accurately without any distraction that unable the information to be stored in the long term memory after rehearsed and stored by the short term memory (University of Phoenix, 2010).One thing she mentioned that she does forget some information bec ause of proactive interference. Definitely, information related to her culture, tradition, and religion will be remembered for life (Irina Dinova, personal communication, November 30, 2012). 3. Are you willing to take the Myers Briggs test and report the results? If so, do you think the results are accurate? Why or why not? Irina had taken the Myers Briggs test, and her results were ESTJ (Extroverted, Sensing.Thinking, Judging), and it stated that she is very responsible and pillar of strength (University of Phoenix, 2010). Irina agreed to the results of the test and she said that she had used logic, or compensatory model to make a decision on the answer that best describe her personality. Furthermore, she found the test reliable, stable and valid, and these are her second time taking it, as she took the test before in 2010 with the same results. Besides, she is always been described that way by her family and friends (Irina Dinova, personal communication, November 30, 2012). . What are the experiences do you think had contributed most in the growth of your personality? Irina thinks that personal unconscious of negative and positive life experiences, collective unconscious from diversity, and unconditional positive regard (University of Phoenix, 2010), by the husband had contributed the most in the growth of her personality. She also believe that her own believe of principles, and been a natural leader had contributed to the development of her personality as well.Additionally, Irina personality grew through socializing with group of people, harsh life experiences, involvement on her husband’s culture, and life responsibilities, like her two children and husband (Irina Dinova, personal communication, November 30, 2012). 5. Do you feel that you are self-monitoring in regards of your attitude? Irina mentioned that she has low-self-monitors in regard (University of Phoenix, 2010) of her attitude. She said that she display sensitive controls congruent with h er own internal states such as attitudes, beliefs, and dispositions.She fails to control her negative attitude, and she has to respond in that particular moment or it will be very disturbance for a while (Irina Dinova, personal communication, November 30, 2012). 6. What do you feel was the strongest influence on your attitude? The strongest influence on Irina’s’ attitude will be her parents. Irina blames her parents for her negative attitude because she was mentally and physically abused while she was a child, but she refuses to abuse her children.I have to agree with Irina, when she said that punishment is a better way to rise up your children, not abuse. Another strongest influence of her positive attitude will be her husband. She mentioned that her husband kindness, caress, and forgiveness had motivated her to change her life for better, by focusing more on her family, and peruse an education, by obtaining a career on arts (Irina Dinova, personal communication, Nove mber 30, 2012). 7. What role do you think of a person’s race, gender, or ethnicity play when performing that person’s personality and attitudes?Irina believes that a person’s race, gender, or ethnicity play a role in forming someone’s’ personality and attitude. She said that she had never experienced prejudice and discrimination until she had immigrated to the Unites States. She said that she was prejudiced and discriminated (University of Phoenix, 2010). at school, by a group of African Americans, and they called her names like â€Å" Russian girl† and say unpleasant words to her e. g â€Å" we are not in Russia†, â€Å" go back to Russia†, or â€Å" speak English†.Additionally, she was stereotype by her husband, as he said to her that her duties, as a married woman is to clean, cook, and raise the children, but she did not respect that opinion because in the U. S. culture a woman can work and be involved in business. T hus, she believes that a person’s personality and attitude solely depend on the culture, norms. Irina’s’ culture differs from her husband, as they are both from different countries. Irina’s husband is Algerian and has its own culture norm, values, and believe, which differ from Irina.For instance in Irina’s husband culture: a woman is prohibited to drink alcohol, or smoke, while in Irina’s’ culture is verse versa. As a result, many negative attitudes formed, in both Irina and her husband, caused by culture conflicts. Another culture conflict between Irina and her husband was circumcising her baby boy. In Irina’s culture, they do not circumcise, while in her husband’s culture, they circumcise the child after he turns four years old, which will be a big party celebration.Irina had refused to make her husbands’’ wish come true, which had formed a negative attitude from the situation in both Irina and her husba nd. She said that her husband still insisting and he will not let it go because it was something he was looking forward too, but Irina does not believe in circumcising, as she said that she will never allow it (Irina Dinova, personal communication, November 30, 2012). 8. Do you find yourself better at tasks when intrinsically motivated or extrinsically motivated? Irina said that she is definitely motivated extrinsically (University of Phoenix, 2010) better in most cases.However, she can also work on proprieties tasks without been extrinsically motivated. Conversely, in Irina’s words: â€Å"new things get old fast, I’m always searching for new motivations and thinking of new ways to accomplish my tasks. † (Personal communication, 11/30/2012). She also said that she hates her job, but she extrinsically motivated because of the money that will be earned. Irina referred to when she was six years old, her parents used rewards, when she obtains an A at school, but she gets punished when she obtains a lower grade.She said that the rewards and punishment had motivated her to always seek an A grade at school, and nothing less (Irina Dinova, personal communication, November 30, 2012). In conclusion, I have to say that the interview with Irina has been such a wonderful experience. It had helped me to study and learn others behavior causes like personality and attitude, by implementing information learned throughout the course materials. Irina was very patient, comfortable, open, and honest during the interview process. Therefore, I am convinced that all her answers were accurate.References University of Phoenix. (2010). Cognition and Mental Abilities. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, BEH/225 website University of Phoenix. (2010). Memory. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, BEH/225 website University of Phoenix. (2010). Motivation and Emotion. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, BEH/225 website University of Phoenix. (2010). Personality. Retr ieved from University of Phoenix, BEH/225 website University of Phoenix. (2010). Social Psychology. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, BEH/225 website