Colgate In Argentina Essays (4334 words) - Oral Hygiene,

Colgate In Argentina Colgate was founded in the United States in 1806 and for the first 100 years, its business focus was only there. However, in the very early 1900's, the Company began a very aggressive expansion program that led to the establishment of Colgate operations throughout the world. Today, Colgate-Palmolive is a $9 billion company, marketing its products in over 200 countries and territories under such internationally recognized brand names as Colgate, Palmolive, Ajax, Fab, and Mennen as well as Hill's Science Diet and Hill's Prescription Diet. Colgate Total is considered the greatest evolution in toothpaste since the introduction of fluoride. This highly effective formula, containing fluoride and the antimicrobial ingredient, Triclosan, has been demonstrated clinically to help prevent gingivitis, plaque, cavities and tartar. And, its unique patented formula, containing the co-polymer, Gantrez, continues to be active between brushings. It continues to work fighting plaque, gingivitis, tartar and cavities after you stop brushing, even if you eat or drink. No other toothpaste manufactured in the US contains Triclosan or has been cleared to make claims for gingivitis and plaque reduction. Since the announcement of the FDA clearance of Colgate Total on July 14, 1997, retailers have expressed unprecedented enthusiasm and interest. Dr. Sigmund S. Socransky, Associate Professor of Oral Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and Senior Member of the Staff and Head, Departments of Microbiology and Periodontology, Forsyth Dental Center, said, "Colgate Total represents one of the most remarkable oral therapeutic achievements in the last 20 years." Colgate Total will benefit the oral health of all users. The most common non-contagious diseases are periodontal diseases such as gingivitis. In fact, 63% of Americans suffer from gingivitis. As the only toothpaste with this formula, Colgate Total will help Americans take greater care of their teeth and gums than ever before and will help younger people prevent these dental problems. Since Colgate Total was introduced internationally in 1992, over half a billion tubes have been purchased by millions of consumers in 103 countries. However, before permitting it to be marketed in the US, the FDA conducted an extensive review of data in Colgate's clinical tests. These included five major studies that supported the safety and efficacy of the toothpaste. Independent dental associations in 30 countries, including the American, Canadian and British Dental Associations, have awarded seals of acceptance to Colgate Total. Colgate Total will begin shipping to food, drug and mass merchandisers nationwide on December 15, 1997, and will have a suggested retail price of $2.49, $2.99 and $3.49 for 4.2, 6.0 and 7.8 ounce tubes, respectively. Colgate-Palmolive is a leading global consumer products company tightly focused on Oral Care, Personal Care, Household Care, Fabric Care and Pet Nutrition. In the U.S., Colgate sells its quality products under such nationally recognized brand names as Colgate, Palmolive, Mennen, Ajax, Irish Spring, Softsoap, Murphy Oil Soap, Ultra Brite, Baby Magic and Fab, as well as Hill's Science Diet and Hill's Prescription Diet pet foods. Executive summary Successful international marketers possess the ability to identify with and adapt to different cultural environments. International marketing requires that one actively anticipate the effects both foreign and domestic uncontrollable environments exert over the marketing mix, and then adequately adjust the marketing mix to minimize potential negative effects. Often times an international marketer's self-reference criterion impede his or her ability to accurately assess and properly respond to foreign operating environments. Rather than rely on their own self reliance criteria, international marketers must conduct far-reaching, comprehensive cultural and economic analyses of potential foreign markets in order to develop more effective and responsive marketing mixes that improve the success potential of their market-development strategies. Argentina certainly represents a viable market-development opportunity for Colgate Total toothpaste. U.S. companies intending to export to Argentina should consider economic, demographic, as well as cultural characteristics that differentiate it from other Latin American countries. Having the highest per capita gross domestic product and the second highest total gross domestic product and life expectancy in Latin America, as well as low rates of population increase and illiteracy rates, Argentina attracts many business opportunities. The population and economic activity are highly concentrated in the Greater Buenos Aires area. The population is largely of European descent and continues to have strong ethnic, cultural, as well as business ties with Europe. Consumer preferences tend to resemble more those of Europeans than those of other Latin America nationals. However, revenues are highly dependent on MERCOSUR trade, especially with Brazil, and the regional economic situation. In many sectors, European competitors of U.S. firms are already present in the market, and may be well entrenched. Nevertheless, the U.S. is Argentina's

Essay on Procurement Methods Available in the Construction Industry of CyprusEssay Writing Service

Essay on Procurement Methods Available in the Construction Industry of CyprusEssay Writing Service Essay on Procurement Methods Available in the Construction Industry of Cyprus Essay on Procurement Methods Available in the Construction Industry of CyprusProcurement methods are crucial for the construction industry of Cyprus because they determine how the acquisition and ordering of properties or their elements of the buildings that are being constructed. In actuality, procurement methods influence the development of the company-customer relationships and, to a significant extent, influence the entire construction industry. The company-customer relationships are very important for the stable development of the construction industry of Cyprus. In such a situation, the construction industry of Cyprus depends on the development of procurement methods, which help construction companies and customers using their services to prevent conflicts and regulate relations between them. At the same time, the development of the construction industry raises the problem of the wide implementation of effective procurement methods because of the changing business environment a nd the integration of the construction industry of China into international business relations. In such a situation, procurement methods in the construction industry of Cyprus may change under the impact of changes in the business environment of Cyprus. Today, the procurement methods influence consistently the development of the construction industry of Cyprus because they determine the company-customer relationships and details of contracts constructors have to perform that makes it possible to forecast the development of the construction industry of Cyprus through the identification of the most popular procurement methods in the industry at the moment.TheoryProcurement is generally defined as the act of obtaining or buying goods or services. At the same time, procurement implies the establishment of business relations based on contracting between companies operating the construction industry and customers using their services. Procurement is essential for the development of the co nstruction industry and the effective performance of organisations operating in the industry because procurement determines the procedure of obtaining and buying goods and services. In this regard, procurement becomes an essential tool that determined the relationships between companies and customers. In such a situation, the choice of procurement methods may play the determinant part for the further development of the construction industry because the choice of the procurement method affects the development of relations between companies and customers and help to facilitate the interaction between them. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that that companies operating in the construction industry and their customers attempt to choose optimal procurement methods that facilitate their interaction and the delivery of goods and services from companies to customers. At the same time, companies operating in the construction industry have to adapt to current needs of customers, their expectations and wants.At the same time, different factors may influence the choice of the procurement method, among which it is possible to distinguish external and internal factors. The development of the construction industry depends on the impact of those factors because they affect procurement methods used by companies and customers in the construction industry of Cyprus. External factors may be as significant as internal ones and they both have a considerable impact on procurement methods and the impact on the construction industry at large.External factors relate mainly to the socioeconomic environment, where companies operating in the construction industry operate. In this regard, a particular consideration should be given to the potential impact of economic, commercial, technological, political, social and legal factors which influence the client and their business, and the project team during project’s lifecycle. For example, potential changes in interest rat es, changes in legislation and so on. Such changes influence policies of construction companies as well as procurement methods they choose. For instance, as a rule, companies choose the procurement method which allows them minimising the fiscal pressure on them and their customers.Client resources also have a considerable impact on procurement methods used by organisations. A client’s knowledge, the experience of the organisation with procuring building projects and the environment within which it operates will influence the procurement strategy adopted. Client objectives are influenced by the nature and culture of the organisation. The degree of client involvement in the project is a major consideration.Project characteristics can also have a considerable impact on the choice of the procurement method (Love Mohamed 1996). The size, complexity, location and uniqueness of the project should be considered as this will influence time, cost and risk. All these characteristics in fluence the supply of goods and services and, therefore, influence the procurement method. For instance, some locations are easier to reach than others. Naturally, construction companies set different requirements and price depending on the location. Special requirements of construction companies or their customers lead to the choice of the specific procurement method.The ability to make changes is anther important factor that affects the choice of the procurement method (Love, Gunasekaran Li 1998). Ideally the needs of the client should be identified in the early stages of the project (Dissanayaka 1998). This is not always possible. Changes in technology may result in changes being introduced to a project. Changes in scope invariably result in increase costs and time, especially they occur during construction. It is important at the outset of the project to consider the extent to which design can be completed and the possibility of changes occurring.Cost issues play an important p art in the choice of the procurement method because depending on the costs available to the construction company that the customer can spend on the particular project, the company and the customer elaborate the procurement method. For instance, in some cases customers can prepay goods and services supplied by the construction company, while in other cases, customers may pay for goods and services, when the construction has already started. An assessment for the need for price certainty by the client should be undertaken considering that there is a time delay from the initial estimate to when tenders are received (Rowlinson 1999). The extent to which design is complete will influence the cost at the time of tender. If price certainty is required, then design must be complete before construction commences and design changes avoided.The timing is one of the key factors that influence the choice of the procurement method. Most projects are required within a specific time frame. It is im portant that an adequate design time is allowed, particularly if design is required to be complete before construction. Assurances from the design team about the resources that are available for the project should be sought. Planning approvals can influence the progress of the project (Turner 1990). If early completion is a critical factor then design and construction activities can be overlapped so that construction can commence earlier on-site. Time and cost trade-offs should be evaluated.On the other hand, there are internal factors, such as human resources available to the construction company, the organisational culture and structure, and other factors that are characteristics of the construction company and that may affect the procurement method chosen by the organisation. Internal factors can affect consistently the choice of the procurement method because the company relies heavily on its human resources. If the company does not have professionals capable to carry out certai n procurement methods, then the organisation naturally focuses on procurement methods that are available to its professionals, which they can carry out successfully. Internal factors can affect the performance of the construction company preventing it from fulfilling its obligations, if the procurement method chosen by the company is wrong. For instance, if the company cannot maintain the productivity of its employees high, then the company will be unable to supply goods and services within short timeline.Applying the term procurement method to the construction industry, it is possible to define procurement as the acquisition or ordering of properties or their elements by customers, who order the construction of facilities from construction companies, while the latter are supposed to offer the specific procurement method that matches interests of the customer the best. In such a way, the choice of the procurement method is not just the choice of the construction company or customer individually but it is the choice made by the company and client through interaction and negotiations. The development of the construction industry relies on the use of efficient procurement methods which enhance the marketing performance of companies operating in the construction industry and stimulating the further progress of the construction industry.Key procurement methodsAt the moment, there are several key procurement methods that are particularly widely-spread in the construction industry of Cyprus, including general contracting; design and build; construction management; management contracting; private finance initiative; public-private partnership; framework contracting; and prime contracting. In fact, the variety of procurement methods that are currently applied to the construction industry of Cyprus are effective and help to develop effective marketing strategies but companies should make right choices to choose the most efficient marketing strategy and proper procuremen t method that matches needs of the company and its clients and allow the company to use the full potential of its resources.Traditional contractingTraditional contracting is the traditional procurement method applied to the construction industry. This method involves the constructor works according to a detailed plan provided by the investor. Traditional contracting involves three sub-types, such as lump sum, measurement and cost reimbursement. These three sub-types co-exist and may replace one another, when necessary. At the same time, companies choose the optimal type of the traditional contracting to maintain the effective marketing performance and to reach the high level of the customer satisfaction.Lump sum is the procurement which implies that the contractor undertakes to carry out a defined amount of work in return for an agreed sum. This can be a fixed amount not subject to recalculation, in which case there would be no opportunity for the employer to make variations. The su m is likely to be subject to limited fluctuations, usually to cover tax etc changes not foreseeable at the time of tendering. The sum may be subject to fluctuations in the cost of labour, plant and materials – the so called fluctuations provision. Recovery may be use of a formula, or by checking invoices (Love, Skitmore, Earl, 1998). In fact, lump sum involves the close interaction between construction companies and their customers, when customers pay for specific work companies have to perform for the agreed sum of money. The payment does not change significantly, in spite of the changes in the business environment or possible issues that may rise in the course of the construction.Lump sum contracts with quantities are priced on the basis of drawings and a firm bill of quantities. Items which cannot be accurately quantified can be recovered by an approximate quantity or a provisional sum, but these should be kept to a minimum. Lump sum contracts ‘without quantitiesâ⠂¬â„¢ are priced on the basis of drawings and another document. This may simply be a specification of a descriptive kind, in which case the lump sum will not be itemised, or one that is detailed to the extent that the contract sum is the total of the priceable items. The job might be more satisfactory described as a ‘Schedule of Works’, where the lump sum is the total of the priced items. In the latter cases, an itemised breakdown of the lump sum will be a useful basis for valuing additional work. Where only a lump sum is tendered, then a supporting ‘Schedule of Rates’ or a ‘Contract Sum Analysis’ will be needed from the tenderer. Tenders can be prepared on the basis of notional quantities, but they will need to be replaced by firm quantities if it is intended to enter into a ‘with quantities’ lump sum contract. In such a way, contractors have limited opportunities to change the sum the customer will have to pay, even if they confr ont substantial problems in the course of the implementation of the project and have to increase costs of the project. This is why companies have to create accurate plans and calculate all costs accurately to prevent unexpected costs that may put under the question the successful implementation of the project. In such a situation, companies should have well-developed forecasting potential to foresee possible challenges that may arise in the course of the construction and include those issues into their plans and costs of the construction.Measurement contracts are also referred to as ‘re-measurement contracts’. This is where the work which the contractor undertakes to do cannot for some good reason be accurately measured before tendering (Mortledge, Smith, Kashiwagi 2006). The presumption is that it has been substantially designed, and that reasonably accurate picture of the amount and quality of what is required is given to the tenderer. Probably the most effective mea surement contracts, involving least risk is to the employer, are those based on drawings’ with approximate quantities. Measurement contracts can also be based on drawings and a ‘Schedule of Rates’ or prices prepared by the employer for the tenderer to compete (Gordon 1994). This type of contract might be appropriate where there is not enough time to prepare even approximate quantities or where the quantity of work is very uncertain. Obviously the employer has to accept the risk involved in starting work with no accurate idea of the total cost, and generally this type of contract is best confined to small jobs. In such a way, companies prefer measurement contracts when small projects are involved. Measurement contracts allow them using costs efficiently and obtaining balanced profits.Cost reimbursement implies that the contractor undertakes to carry out an indeterminate amount of work on the basis that they are paid the prime or actual cost of labour, plant, and m aterials (Mortledge, Smith, Kashiwagi 2006). In addition, the contractor receives an agreed fee to cover management, overheads and profit. Hybrids of the cost reimbursement contracts include: cist plus percentage fee; cost-plus fixed pee; and cost-plus fluctuating fee. Cost-plus percentage fee is the method applied, when the fee charged is directly related to the prime cost (Smith Love 2001). It is usually a flat rate percentage, but it can also be on a sliding scale. However, the contractor has no real incentive to work at maximum efficiency, and this variant is only likely to be considered where the requirements are particularly indeterminate pre-contract. Cost-plus fixed fee –means that the fee to be charged is tendered by the contractor. This is appropriate provided that the amount and type of work is largely foreseeable (Mortledge, Smith, Kashiwagi 2006). The contractor has an incentive to work efficiently so as to remain within the agreed fee. Cost-plus fluctuating fee implies that the fee varies in proportion to the difference between the estimated cost and the actual prime cost. The assumption is that as the latter cost increases, the contractor’s supposed inefficiency will result in a fee which decreases. This approach depends upon there being a realistic chance of ascertaining the amount and type of work at tender stage (Smith, Love, Wyatt 2001). In such a way, customers cover the costs of the construction company spent on the labour force, the plant and materials used in the construction of the facility ordered by the customer. This method is effective and applied, when customers can cover the costs of the construction company and, as a rule, are in partnership with the constructor company.Essay on Procurement Methods Available in the Construction Industry of Cyprus part 2

Theme Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theme - Research Paper Example roles in the society that ultimately leads to the destruction of relationships within marriage and character’s personalities, who are not willing to accept what they have. Mathilde Loisel and Louise Mallard represent two characters that appear in similar conditions of dependence and inability to take control over their lives, although each in its specific way. Mathilde Loisel is miserable due to being stuck in a middle class, but being confident that she is worth more. â€Å"She suffered ceaselessly, feeling herself born for all the delicacies and all luxuries.† (de Maupassant ) This feeling of disappointment took all her thoughts and aspirations and she could not think of anything but that of being rich and know that other people envy her. â€Å"She thought of the long salons; of men - famous and sought after, whom all women envy and whose attention they all desire.† (de Maupassant ) However, in the reality, she could not expect that a man from the higher social class would marry her and, obviously, could not expect to improve her social status by personal efforts. Therefore, she became the wife of clerk and continued feeling pity for h er destiny. In general, her condition can be best characterized as being unhappy as a result of being stuck in a middle class. At the same time, Louise Mallard from â€Å"The Story of an Hour† also feels stuck and lives in restricted conditions, however, not due to her social status but due to the very fact of being married. For Louise, marriage became all her space in which she can function while the opportunities for being active outside of marriage are absent. Subsequently, she is oppressed by marriage that granted her limited set of roles and possibilities. â€Å"She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression.† (Chopin ) Therefore, the author explicitly explains that conditions in which Louise lives are not perceived as beneficial by the main character. Similarly to Mathilde, Louise is deprived of the

Death is a Social Construct Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Death is a Social Construct - Essay Example With death the bond between the spirit and the physical being is dissolved. As per the Webster's dictionary the "social constructs" can be stated as a social mechanism, phenomenon, or category created and developed by society; a perception of an individual, group, or idea that is constructed via cultural and/or social practice. Death is not a social construct in the literal sense as people do die whether the society wants them to or not. The rituals associated with death and the meaning that every group gives to this concept differs from society to society and culture to culture. This meaning is created and developed by the society and the religion that they practice. For example: Hindu's believe in seven lives, thus when a person in their community dies they believe that he will be reborn. On the other hand, Muslims believe in life after death not rebirth. Both religions have very different ways of tending to the dead; the Hindu's burn the dead while the Muslims bury them. From this we can see the way society and social constructs have affected the concept of death but not death itself. Death traditions take longer to change. The changes in the recent past have come from the grass roots. Phillipe Aries's classic The Hour of Our Death (1982) has categorized deaths evolution into five categories. Death used to be a part of every community, this was when communities were small and close knitted. The death rituals were personal as well as public but nowadays death has entered the invisible era. Here death is kept a secret and nobody talks about it, it is a taboo to mention it. In Phillipe's book the five eras of death mentioned are: tame death, death of self, remote and imminent death, death of the other and invisible death. The society we live in finds it necessary to anthropomorphize the death and project it categories and relations. Every religion has some degree of anthropomorphizing of the concept of death; just the intensity with which it is instilled in every religion differs. We find a need to rationalize the concept, to face reality and this is done from two basic sources: first is the anthropomorphic character, which is that we continue to exist even though somebody has died. The second source is the social institutions that make people face reality through the socialization process. They make them think logically and legitimately. Social institutions that control the concept of death can not loose sight of the biological being. The biology of an individual limits the reality constructing activities. The survivors blur the difference between the dead and the living especially when they have recently lost a loved one. An example to explain this would be that of the European peasant cultures feed ing the returning soul. This refers to the symbolic form of eating as the soul can not eat the same way a live person can. If this was to be the case than the soul would have to have some features which can enable this act, this is negated by experience. (Berta, 1960) In the article by Derek Edwards, Malcolm Ashmore and Jonathan Potter, death and furniture are represented as arguments which go against the relativism to extremes. Death has two versions, the bad version, which is focused on the misery and the tragedy associated with death. This version of death is directly linked to

Illegal Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Illegal Immigration - Essay Example The federal government, to no one’s surprise, has been no help. The fundamental reason for the flood of immigration from Latin America, specifically Mexico, is the disintegration of the Mexican economy predominantly resulting from free-trade strategies employed by the North American Free Trade Agreement and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The rampant corruption within the Mexican government has also contributed significantly to the collapse of the Mexican economy. â€Å"Due to IMF policies regarding Mexico, its economic output dropped 33 percent in the past two decades† (Small, 2005). During this period, its foreign debt rose 359 percent because of widespread looting of the national coffers. These factors caused the â€Å"collapse of all areas of productive economic activity and employment, is the primary driver of the flood of emigrants desperate to leave Mexico, to find some livelihood for themselves and their families in the United States† (Small, 2005). Stopping immigration into the U.S. from Mexico would further cripple the Mexican economy as evidenced by data collected from the Gallup World Poll. â€Å"Thirty-two percent of Mexican respondents in the Dec., 2005 poll claim to have relatives living abroad, and 15percent of those say their households receive a monthly cash aid from such relatives.† (Rios, Crabtree, 2006) According to the poll, approximately five percent of Mexican households, about 20 million people, obtain financial aid from relatives who immigrated to the U.S. Ending this flow of this greatly needed money southward would be harmful for poor Mexican citizens living in depressed city and rural regions. Obviously Mexicans take immigration laws and American attitudes towards immigration personally, how could they not? They do not understand what harm illegal immigration causes for Americans. â€Å"Mexicans believe that migration benefits not only the home countries and the families of

New Zealand Political Values

New Zealand Political Values Things generally influence one another even in small ways. The relationship among these matters can be just simple that have little impact on people. However, there are things which affect considerable number of individuals, a locality, a country or even the international community as well. Health is one of those things. A person, family, society, and nations are all involved when discussing this topic. There are factors that have direct and indirect effects which relate to planning, implementation and evaluation of healthcare mechanisms and interventions. These are the demographic distribution of populations, religious beliefs, political values, ethnicity, traditions, and human values. New Zealand has a small population with an estimated resident of 4,531,400 as of 30 September 2014 (Statistics New Zealand). Data from the year 2013 show that males are greater from children to middle age but the female numbers are greater during the latter part of life. The median age is 37.4 years; population growth rate is 0.85 per cent; birth rate is almost double compare to death rate but is relative low. Migration rate is 2.24 in a thousand people. Infant mortality rate is low with only 4.65 in a thousand live births. Life expectancy is higher among women with 82.94 and men with 78.79 years. Literacy has a very high rate overall. Data related to health have generally positive trends. Information like this is significant on how to make better intervention. The government has to scrutinize the details in order to give appropriate solutions to the issues, in relation particularly to the declining numbers of men during old age compare to women who live several years more. Programmes such as lifestyle modification and more education that improve the life span of men should be given more emphasis. Men are usually more exposed to health risks such as alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking and hazardous working environment. These can be attributed to the fast deterioration of health condition due to the accumulated damage on the body. Political values are acquired by the people through â€Å"political socialisation†. It can be from the family first, then schools, friends, work, travel, life experiences and media such as televisions, radio, and social networking sites via the internet. The present situation is related to the history of a certain nation in terms of how they experienced it. New Zealand had the British concept and ideas from a long time and up until now. There were important changes as time went by. As of today, people are empowered that they are able to participate in policy making in relation to health. For instance, the legislations are being passed after the involvement of different sectors during formulation. Groups and organisations are being asked to impart their opinions regarding a specific policy which can affect their interests. So in this way, it can have impact on the health interventions being formulated by the authorities. The citizens are able to see the government as their prot ector that takes care of their well-being. And also, this shows that the people are recognized, equality is evident, and the honesty on part of the government that it should serve its people. Another thing about New Zealand is citizens do not want any corruption from their public officials. They are not expecting that elected officials will use their positions to do illegal activities for personal interests. Religion affects health in terms of practices and beliefs. A country can have many classifications as far as faith is concerned. There are varieties of religion within New Zealand, majority are Christians that includes Catholic, Anglican, Methodist and Presbyterian. There are also growing numbers of people associated with Sikh, Hindu and Islam respectively. Since the migration is going up, people from other countries with different faith come in, along with them are diverse practices and beliefs as well that can be an issue one way or another in relevance to health. One good example is the prohibition of blood transfusion in other religion. Another is the food restrictions like not eating pork or beef, during fasting period, and many others. The government should recognize these situations thus providing necessary measures to deal with it. A way to address it is to review the existing policies to make it appropriate to the present circumstances. Human values refer to the behaviours of men that are correct in every aspect. These are the basis of legislations, guided by the concept of doing the right thing. Usually it starts in the family, parents being as the model showing values to their children then eventually learning from outside environment thru teachers at school, friends, and the community. Human values are significant part of the society because they provide identity and pride as well to the people living within a community. And leaders with human values can produce a direct impact in dealing with the problems of the nation particularly in making health interventions. The virtue of selflessness must be present in all elected and public officials. Every nation has distinct traits when it comes to health and human values. New Zealand is a country that is striving to put these standards into a higher level so that people will benefit in the long term up to the next generation. Ethnicity and traditions are interrelated factors that influence health interventions. New Zealand has a growing ethnic background which in connection to the entry of migrants from various parts of the world. It is undeniably adding to the list and starting to be part of the system. While health interventions are focused on European, Maori, and Pacific people, Asians have considerable numbers already living and settling in this country; also people from the Central and Latin Americas. Since the government chose to open their doors to foreign people, it should provide policies emphasizing the status of migrants in respect to health. Although, Maori health status has been recognized and being pushed to produce positive outcome for the natives of New Zealand after years of experiencing low health services and inequalities, the authorities should not take aside the large number of migrants currently living on their land. The presence of the aforementioned determinants provides an array of information to plan, implement and evaluate health interventions. These factors serve as guide to come up with the needed mechanisms, to improve services and to promote equality in health status of affected groups. REFERENCES Levine, Stephen. (2012). ‘Political values – New Zealand politics and political values’, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/political-values/page-1 Levine, Stephen. (2012). ‘Political values – New Zealand politics and political values’, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/political-values/page-4 Statistics New Zealand. (2014). Top Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/snapshots-of-nz/top-statistics.aspx

History Repeats Itself Essay -- History Historical Research Papers

History Repeats Itself   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  History repeats itself. This concept applies not only within the realm of a single nation's history but throughout and between nations. That is to say, that what one nation endures, throughout its economic and political history, may be compared to and be strikingly similar to that of many other nations. As we analyze social change thought the world we have noticed a cyclical pattern of histories, both economic and political, in the countries of Spain, Holland, Britain, and the United States. I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Historical Periodization:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout history and during alternating time periods, countries have grown from feeble entities, defeated by or ruled by the governing structures of foreign nations, to powerful nations. Between the fifteenth and the sixteenth century, SPAIN ruled as a great power among other nations. Its empire began when, in 1492, Spain financed Columbus's expeditions and explorations to conquer territory in the New World. Once it held its new established territory, Spain relied on the influx of gold and silver from the New World. Spain was the first country to start an empire and consequently started a trend. Once HOLLAND gained their independence from Spanish rule, at the beginning of the seventeenth century, it moved on to become a great power. Holland had relied on seafaring and the economic success of Amsterdam until around 1620. "By mid-century, however, they had used their technical sophistication and control of vital raw commodities to build successful industries . . . and supported by Holland's bourgeois virtues, trading preeminence and credit, Dutch manufactures soon dominated a number of European markets" (BP 198). Holland remained in power until its decline began in the middle of the eighteenth century. In 1750, the Dutch started losing European markets but continued as the number one market country in Europe. The British moved in where the Dutch had been. GREAT BRITAIN reached great heights in the middle of the eighteenth century. Starting out as the home of the Industrial Revolution, Britain was considered the workshop of the world. However, by the 1890's Britain was losing ground in the global market of manufacturing, specifically to the United States and Germany. The UNITED STATES, is the youngest of the nations studied in this essay, which became a major power a... ... decline again. In Great Britain polarization was reversed by redistribution of income, socialism, and welfarism. This benefited the middle and lower--middle class citizens but hurt the elite. In the UNITED STATES at the end of the "Roaring Twenties", when the stock market crashed, the major financial institutions were left to fail and die out. When the bubble of the 1980's burst, however, the United States government bailed out the companies and caused the country to go into economic decline, deficit, and ruin the budget. The "Roaring Twenties", and the "Anxious 1980's" are examples of rises and later declines of economic and political prosperity and power. Decline in the United States is occurring on both an economic and social level. America has witnessed a rapid centralization at the seat of federal power and a capital more influenced by interest groups than by voters. "Imperial capitals don't become notorious until they display wealth and develop serious, parasitic elites, not true of Washington until it came of age in the late 1960's and 1970's" (AC 29). "There is no point in mincing words. Aging great-power capitals often become parasitic cultures"(AC xix).

Langston Hughes Essay

The Harlem Renaissance took place in 1920s to the mid 1930s, it happened in New York City and it was a cultural bloom. The literary and artistic movement spurred a new black cultural identity. The reason why it occurred was because after the civil war the former slaves all went and lived in the same area, and that was the area where people started creating their own art and literary to define who they were. During the Harlem Renaissance the black people had almost no rights in politics and in society with white people. Even though no deference were shown to the black people, heroes and inspirations flourished and all of them were extremely passionate with what they did. One of the most important figures of literary during the Harlem Renaissance was Langston Hughes,(Swisher 1) he was a poet and a story writer. Amongst many works, the two poem Langston Hughes wrote called â€Å"Democracy† and â€Å"My people† received a lot of love and respect from people. James Mercer Langston Hughes (February 1, 1902- May 22, 1967) was an American poet and a storywriter. He was born in Joplin, Missouri. He started writing poetry when he started living with his mother around the age of 10 in Ohio. (Langston Hughes 1) His first poetry was â€Å"The negro speaks of rivers† which was published in The Crisis magazine. After dropping out of Columbia in 1922 he traveled around Europe and published more poems. When he came back to America, he met Vachel Lindsay a famous poet that helped promote Hughe’s poetry, which made him more known. Few years after that he not only wrote books and poems, but even plays and lyrics for a Broadway musical, he became the first poet to make a living by writing. Langston Hughes 2) Hughes died from prostate cancer, but not all of him died, he became an inspiration to others and still remains a historical figure of the Harlem Renaissance. â€Å"Democracy† (1949) is a poem about Langston Hughes’s point of view of politics. He had the same views as an average black person living in Harlem. In this poem Hughes stresses the point of freedom as one of the most essential factor a person needs. The main conflict in this poem is that no freedom will come to them. Hughes wrote â€Å"Democracy will not come, Today, this year nor ever† This shows how black people were treated in order for hem to feel this hopeless about their freedom. Hughes also displayed how desperate he was with his freedom, he said â€Å"I have as much right as the other fellow has to stand On my two feet and own the land. † He compares himself to other white people that are free. When he says this he is not representing himself only, but every single African American. The tone of this poem is hopeless. The poem is clear in it’s meaning and straightforward with the ideas, which allows people to picture how it is without fre edom. Hughes uses a metaphor that helps the poem’s tone to stand out more. He uses two metaphor, the first one is â€Å"I cannot live on tomorrow’s bread. † When he says this, he means he cannot live unsure and needs the basic factor that all human beings have, food is the most basic necessity us human beings need in order to survive, one will not be able to survive when they rely on food that will be given to them tomorrow. When he says â€Å"Freedom is a strong seed† he emphasizes that one can only be free when everyone around them is not racist and supportive, and the idea that it will only flourish when the seed is strong enough for the outcome. The tone of seriousness and a few metaphors in addition constructs the poem perfectly. There are two distinct themes in this poem, which is freedom and racism. The clarity of this poem makes it obvious for readers to know his point. He compares himself with others to highlight the fact that he wants equal treatment in his own country, and even uses metaphors to show what freedom means to him. On the other hand, the theme of racism is behind the poem, having knowledge about his biography; readers can clearly understand why Hughes felt this way. The second poem â€Å"My people† was written in 1923. My people is a very short poem that not only expresses his affection for his people but it also has a message of equality. He tries to help people understand that there are a lot of different qualities to black people. â€Å"Beautiful, also, are the souls of my people† (Hughes 1923) By saying this Hughes is describing that his people are not cold, but are also warm like the sun. He also tells the readers that â€Å"Beautiful† can be used to describe a lot of things. In every stanza he has the word â€Å"Beautiful† and they each have a different meaning, for example The night is beautiful† can be describing that black is beautiful, which relates to his people being beautiful, or when he says the â€Å"Stars are beautiful† he means that white is beautiful. The tone of this poem is pride, Langston Hughes being one of the first writer for using his situation (not having rights in anything) as an inspiration. ( Butler 1) His inspiration then guided him to write a poem about his people with pride. He describes them with the nature’s elements and always has a â€Å"My† before people. The imagery that is shown to the readers also helps shine the tone, everything being beautiful and so positive, we can tell that Langston Hughes was definitely a proud person who wasn’t ashamed of where he came from. Speaking positively about â€Å"his people† he conveys a lucid tone throughout this poem. The theme of this poetry is equality. It is obvious when a reader finishes reading the second stanza. Hughes uses metaphor in this poem to show the theme, the first stanza of this poem, he compares â€Å"the night† to the â€Å"faces of my people†, this portrays his thoughts about being black, it is beautiful to Hughes. In the second stanza Hughes compares his people to the stars, this is the controversial stanza because stars are white but in the first stanza he mentioned that black is beautiful too. This just portrays perfectly that color or race didn’t matter, everyone was equal and individuals had bits of each other in themselves. The last stanza when he compares the sun to the souls of his people, he depicts how warm and bright his people are, not dark and evil. More over, if the author did not use any metaphors and was straight forward, it would depict the theme as well as it would have had. This is a beautiful poem that doesn’t question anyone why Langston Hughes was so widely loved. In conclusion, one of the most prominent figures in literacy during the Harlem Renaissance was Langston Hughes, he was a great writer that wrote about various ideas and had a very unique way of thinking. (Butler 1) He is truly an inspiration not only to black people but to everyone, he teaches us that we can convert whatever we have in our mind to assemble a beautiful poetry about his people, or a hopeless poetry about his situation. Hughes still remains a legend in the literacy world and will never be forgotten.

Emigration Essay Essay Example

Emigration Essay Essay Example Emigration Essay Essay Emigration Essay Essay Emigration refers to the procedure of an person or a group of people populating their topographic point of beginning or abode state to populate in another state. The construct of out-migration is really much similar to in-migration except for the native state. It is normally used to depict the act and phenomenon that characterizes human motion between establishment provinces or boundaries. The act of out-migration normally occurs for assorted grounds ; some people might make up ones mind to emigrate for political. economic every bit good as societal grounds and others for such personal grounds like the desire to happen a partner while sing another state and in the procedure emigrating to settle with them in other instances. old twosomes may make up ones mind to travel from cold climes in order to settle in warm climes so as to pass the remainder of their lives ( Terra D. . 2000 ) . This paper is about the benefits and disadvantages of out-migration as a procedure. It besides tackles the issues that have been debated on increasing the figure of legal emigres to the United States. Even though the out-migration phenomenon has many ups. frequently. there are a few downs that come with its. Therefore. it is of import for both the person and the provinces concerned to see these facets. before the out-migration procedure is complete. In the U. S there has been a recent political heat generated by both the legal and illegal emigres to America. Assorted factors like the war on drugs. terrorist act. every bit good as the national shortage have wholly added the impulse to the argument on out-migration. It is undertakings that by 2015. the entire population of emigres in the U. S would be at approximately 420 million people. The population of the Hispanics who emigrated from Mexico could be at 100 million. which make about 57 per centum of the entire figure of emigres to U. S. The U. S offers persons a opportunity that frequently change many lives. For illustration. a big figure of intelligence and ambitious individuals. who are apparently dissatisfied with the province of personal businesss in the female parent states frequently. convey these accomplishments to America. The net consequence by this is that the state of origin normally loses its most skilled forces through the encephalon drain procedure. This will impede the development advancement of the state. On the other manus the state of finish frequently benefit from this procedure as it gets to acquire the best-trained and skilled forces ( Terra D. . 2000 ) . In fact English and other European citizens who risked a great trade of their lives to sail across the sea founded the U. S. The merchandises processed the skilled persons can assist better the lives o the people in the female parent states who may non hence hold had the engineering to supply them in malice of the human resource. Emigration besides increases the diverseness of a state and its population and at the same clip expands the civilization of the finish state. The multiethnic faith linguistic communications and civilizations is in America is mothered by other state ; the facet of diverseness offers a more tolerant population which is superficially than the autochthonal population. It frequently presents new thoughts perspectives music and nutrient. the universe of amusement is frequently afloat with new thoughts and different imposts among others that were originally non present. The emigres in most instances take up the low paying occupations that are labour intensive but which must be done all the same and are normally shunned by the autochthonal population. Similarly the extra inexpensive labour that is provided for by the emigres aids the flexibleness of concern ensuing in low-cost monetary values better quality merchandises every bit good as higher net incomes. One of the factors that affect the cost of making concern is labour therefore. when most houses are faced with the crisis of making low accomplishment occupations like cleaning suites they are bound to raise rewards every bit high as possible so as to run into the demand or extinguish them wholly. Even though the chance of higher rewards sounds good for the employees it frequently means higher monetary values or that the concern must run within lower net income borders would interpret to lower stock monetary values and therefore less investing in dollar influx. However the option of extinguishing the places wholly is non a feasible 1. As for one the concern denies persons the chance to employment on places it can offer and that the service offered will besides be of low quality. For case the quality of nutrient served would be compromised if dishes can non be decently cleaned. These issues can outdo be solved if the base of the labour pool is expanded through the legal out-migration procedure being increased ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. balancedpolitics. org/immigration. htm ) . The out-migration phenomenon nowadayss persons who are fighting in their topographic points of beginning the opportunity for a better life. The history of America is built on persons who emigrated to U. S and in the procedure sought chance. political every bit good as spiritual freedom among other assorted factors. For case people should present in the thick of the argument and inquire themselves really pertinent inquiries like whether out-migration are of any significance for America and besides understand the issue from the position of the emigre for illustration imagine you were the emigre who was faced with famishment. detainment without test or risked hanging for practising a religion that you so much believed in. R worse still you would non afford other basic human rights like look the right for free instruction. medical attention among others. Faced with this sort of quandary anyone would choose for any alternate that is able to offer him or her a better opportunity to populate. The United States is built or the anchor or such persons who have sacrificed much to accomplish this. There are every bit really pertinen t issues that have been raised by the oppositions of the out-migration procedure. For illustration the influx of may emigrants posses the hazard of many chances for terrorists drug traders every bit good as other felons to derive entree to the state lawfully. As was demonstrated in the 9/11 calamity most of the culprits lawfully emigrated to US therefore. any opportunity that would increase the chances for come ining the state merely enhances the possibility of holding many terrorists and drug traders. Once they gain entry they have the freedom to bust up hold nevertheless still the illegal emigres pose more menace than the legal 1s. as there are no proper records to assist follow them ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. alancedpolitics. org/immigration. htm ) . There is besides the perceptual experience that the emigrant peculiarly the poorer 1s frequently are a load on the revenue enhancement remunerators in footings of health care instruction public assistance among others as they consume more than they are able to give. A bulk of emigres to the United States frequently starts in the occupation market at really low rewards unless they receive extra preparation. Apparently the revenue enhancement system makes the proviso of maintaining low-income earners exempt from being taxed. This frequently translates to the instance where the degree of authorities resources needed for societal security public assistance health care and other activities like unemployment compensation among others will to a great extent be increased on the groups on a big that either wages really small or no revenue enhancements at all The other issue that is frequently raised in this argument is that the National individuality of the Americans every bit good the linguistic communication is easy vanishing when for case the argument on the issue of emigres hotel up. there were legion protests anti American slurs and Spanish version of the American anthem. This does non auger good for national coherence. as people would be drawing apart in categories like race. folks. and faith among others. The other job that is presented by the emigres is that less skilled American citizens will go on to gain less and at the same chances for this group will decrease as they are in competition with the emigres. Therefore. if the authorities pumps in more people seeking occupation chances. the sum of chances for work lessenings. In add-on the Torahs of economic supply every bit good as demand would surely force the rewards paid to the workers down farther than they would be. However with a committed authorities policy and economic growing some of these frights can be eliminated. In consequence the act by the authorities to diminish or wholly extinguish the opportunity of legal out-migration to the U. S will merely function to make a strong desire for more people to entry the state illicitly. Which will finally ensue in less assimilation and at the same clip fewer taxpaying every bit good as jurisprudence staying citizens in America ( Fitzgerald D. . Waldinger R. . 2004 ) . Many people have emigrated from their states to America as the chance of holding a existent opportunity of breaking their lives their kids or household. Majorities of the people who have emigrated to American hold frequently been characterized as those who would make all in their capacity merely to derive entree whether lawfully or non. This has forced illegal emigres to frequently conceal. As such they will non officially attend America schools. file revenue enhancement returns like the remainder of the citizens or any other typical activities that Americans undertake. Besides if they are able to interrupt the jurisprudence by deriving entry in to the state illicitly there is no warrant that this act will halt one time they come to America. Consequently the legal emigres and in peculiar those that plan to for good settle in the U. S are and must pay revenue enhancements and will most probably go to school to larn like the remainders of the American population. Similarly since they are lawfully in America. they are less likely to conceal and will easy absorb with the remainder of the chance of losing national individuality. linguistic communication and civilization. Finally they can besides prosecute and gain the right to vote and at the same clip take part in the political procedure which fundamentally means they are able to develop a determination doing interest in determining the hereafter of America. Therefore out-migration as a procedure has much to offer for both the state of beginning and the designate one.

The Age of Pericles and Periclean Athens

The Age of Pericles and Periclean Athens The Age of Pericles refers to part of the Classical Age of Greece, when the dominant polis- in terms of culture and politics- was Athens, Greece. Most of the cultural wonders that we associate with ancient Greece come from this period. The Dates of the Classical Age Sometimes the term Classical Age refers to the entire expanse of ancient Greek history, from the archaic period, but when used to distinguish one era from the next, the Classical Age of Greece begins with the Persian Wars (490-479 B.C.) and ends with either the empire-building or the death of the Macedonian leader Alexander the Great (323 B.C.). The Classical Age is followed by the Hellenistic Age that Alexander ushered in. Besides war, the Classical era in Athens, Greece, produced great literature, philosophy, drama, and art. There is a single name that signifies this artistic period: Pericles. The Age of Pericles (in Athens) The Age of Pericles runs from the middle of the 5th century to either his death at the start of the Peloponnesian War or the end of the war, in 404. Pericles as Leader While he was not a king or dictator in charge of Athens, Greece, Pericles was the foremost statesman of Athens from 461-429. Pericles was repeatedly elected to be one of the 10 strategoi (generals). Aspasia of Miletus Pericles was strongly influenced by Aspasia, a female philosopher and courtesan from Miletus, who lived in Athens, Greece. Because of a recent citizenship law, Pericles couldnt marry a woman who wasnt born in Athens, so he could only cohabit with Aspasia. Pericles Reforms Pericles introduced payment for public offices in Athens. Pericles Building Projects Pericles initiated the building of the Acropolis structures. The Acropolis was the high point of the city, the original fortifiable area before the city of Athens expanded. Temples topped the Acropolis, which was behind the Pnyx  hill where the assembly of the people gathered. Pericles preeminent building project was the Parthenon  (447-432 B.C.), on the Acropolis. The famed Athenian sculptor Pheidias, who was also responsible for the chryselephantine  statue of Athena, supervised this project. Ictinus and Callicrates served as architects for the Parthenon. Delian League Pericles is credited with moving the treasury of the Delian League to Athens, Greece, and using its money to rebuild the Acropolis temples that the Persians had destroyed. This was an abuse of the treasury funds. The money was supposed to be for the  defense of Athens and its Greek allies. Other Famous Men in the Classical Age Besides Pericles, Herodotus the father of history and his successor, Thucydides, and the 3 famous Greek dramatists Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides lived during this period. There were also renowned philosophers like Democritus during this period, as well as sophists. Drama and philosophy flourished. The Peloponnesian War But then the Peloponnesian War broke out in 431. It lasted for 27 years. Pericles, along with many others, died of an undetermined plague during the war. The plague was especially deadly because people were crowded together within the walls of Athens, Greece, for strategic reasons connected with the war. Historians of the Archaic and Classical Period HerodotusPlutarchStraboPausaniasThucydidesDionorus  SiculusXenophonDemosthenesAeschinesNeposJustin Historians When Greece Was Dominated by the Macedonians DiodorusJustinThucydidesArrian fragments of Arrian found in PhotiusDemosthenesAeschinesPlutarch

Proverbs diligence and laziness in contrast to wisdom and folly Essay

Proverbs diligence and laziness in contrast to wisdom and folly - Essay Example Through such an informed understanding, it is the hope of this particular author that the reader will gain a more informed understanding with respect to the differentials between laziness and diligence that are represented within the Bible. Perhaps the most famous quote from Proverbs that discusses the differential between laziness and diligence is as follow:" Lazy people are soon poor; hard workers get rich." (Proverbs 10:4) Naturally, this text is not the only one within the book of Proverbs that deals with the issue of diligence as compared to laziness. Only two chapters later, Solomon has the following to say on this topic, â€Å"Work hard and become a leader;  be lazy and become a slave† (Proverbs 12:24). Finally, Solomon states, â€Å"Lazy people want much but get little,  but those who work hard will prosper† (Proverbs 13:4) The take away from each of these texts has to do with the fact that the positive attributes of diligence not only are rewarded after death; instead, they builds wealth, strength, and virtue within the immediate life of the individual who practices them.1 In seeking to analyze this particular dichotomy, the text in question An Essence of the Old Testament has the following to say regarding laziness: â€Å"Lazy behavior results in poverty while diligence results in wealth; however, poverty may also result from corruption and injustice†.2 This is a unique dynamic to discuss due to the fact that wealth is not always seen in terms of a positive connotation within the Hebrew Bible. Oftentimes, the wealthy are cast as those who are the farthest removed from the possibility of grace; as a direct result of their oftentimes arrogant attitudes.3 In helping to explicate this dichotomy to an even further degree, the authors of the text go on to note, â€Å"Proverbs contains a balanced view of wealth and poverty. Some

New Equality Act 2010 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

New Equality Act 2010 - Essay Example However, they are not well embraced in the modern times. It is believed that all people are equal regardless of their gender and race. As such, governments have been pushing for equality policies across the world. The United Kingdom parliament introduced the equality act 2010. This act was based on a number of laws and acts that had been introduced in the United Kingdom in the past. Despite its introduction, equality is yet to be achieved in the workplace (Varkaik, 2005). There are many challenges facing the implementation of this act. The equality act 2010 promises to equate all people regardless of their gender and race in the workplace but faces many challenges in the implementation, which need to be addressed accordingly. History of Equality Act 2010 The vision and objectives of the equality act 2010 were proposed back in the 1960s. It had been realized that some groups, gender, and races were discriminated against in the United Kingdom in many sectors. Some people were paid less in the workplace; others had challenges getting jobs because they belonged to a certain race and others because of their gender. The equal pay act of the 1970 was the first law to be passed regarding this. According to this law, people doing the same workload in the same department are required to be paid the same amount regardless of their gender and race. ... No employer or institution would discriminate any person basing on these grounds (United Kingdom Legislation, 2013). Disability act of 1995 also forms a part of the equality act 2010. Disabled people should have equal opportunities to employment basing on this law. The Equality Law 2010 (Work Place) The passing of the Equality Act 2010 was embraced by many people across the United Kingdom. However, there are serious concerns about whether anything will change. Experts have been documenting everything that has been happening after passing of the vital acts which form a part of the Equality Act 2010. They have confirmed that indeed, not a lot of changes have been documented after the passing of those acts. No wonder some people have been questioning what has been happening in the last four decades from the time the Equal Pay act was passed in 1970. The very things the parliament meant to protect people from have been happening right under their eyes. Discrimination This is one of the l argest problems in the United Kingdom in the current times. Despite the passing of laws to reduce discrimination, research indicates otherwise (Favre, Grainger and Brewer, 2011). Women and minority races in the United Kingdom are the most affected. Women do not have equal opportunities with men in the work place (Verkaik, 2008). While many men are employed in well paying permanent jobs, only a few women are employed. The other women are employed in low paying part time (Lee, 2002). In fact, only about 30% on average women are employed in the permanent well paying jobs. The percentage of women in the low paying part time jobs is 79%. This clearly indicates that most